Formic acid yog dab tsi?
Formic acidyog cov organic acid uas yooj yim tshaj plaws nrog cov tshuaj formula HCOOH thiab CAS naj npawb 64-18-6. Cov khoom no tau pom thawj zaug hauv cov kab mob qog noj ntshav, uas yog vim li cas nws tseem hu ua "ant acid." Nws yog cov kua ntshiab, tsis muaj xim nrog lub zog, ntse tsw. Nws khov nyob ib ncig ntawm 8℃thiab boils ntawm 101 degree, thiab nws yooj yim sib tov nrog dej, cawv, thiab lwm yam kua.
Cov qauv ntawm formic acid yog qhov tshwj xeeb - nws qhia tau hais tias ob qho tib si cov khoom ntawm cov organic acid thiab txo cov peev xwm zoo ib yam li formaldehyde. Nws muaj zog ntau dua li cov acetic acid (vinegar), txog 10 npaug ntau dua acidic. Nws tuaj yeem cuam tshuam nrog nyiaj- daim iav daws teeb meem thiab raug oxidized los ntawm cov oxidizers muaj zog xws li potassium permanganate rau hauv carbon dioxide thiab dej. Thaum rhuab nrog cov concentrated sulfuric acid mus rau 60-80 degree, nws tawg ua carbon monoxide thiab dej.
Hom thiab Qib ntawm Formic Acid
Nyob ntawm seb nws ua li cas thiab nws siv li cas, formic acid feem ntau muab faib ua cov hauv qab no:
Muaj Qib Formic Acid
Qhov no yog hom ntau tshaj plaws, muaj nyob rau hauv ntau yam xws li 85%, 90%, 94%, thiab 99%. Qib 85% yog siv dav hauv kev ua cov tawv nqaij, textile dyeing, thiab raws li kev khaws cia hauv tsiaj pub. 94% qib, nrog purity siab dua, feem ntau yog siv los ua cov tshuaj intermediates thiab hauv kev ua roj hmab. Lub 99% siab-purity formic acid ua hauj lwm raws li ib tug tshwj xeeb hnyav los yog txo tus neeg sawv cev nyob rau hauv hluav taws xob tu thiab zoo tshuaj.
Khoom noj khoom haus qib Formic Acid
Khoom noj khoom haus qib formic acid (cov khoom noj khoom haus ntxiv E236) yuav tsum ua raws li cov qauv kev nyab xeeb nruj nrog cov ntsiab lus hlau hnyav heev. Nws yog tsuas yog siv los ua zaub mov preservative thiab pub additive. Hauv EU, nws raug tso cai hauv cov kua txiv hmab txiv ntoo thiab kua txiv hmab txiv ntoo ntawm qib feem ntau qis dua 0.15%. Cov neeg muag khoom tshwj xeeb tsim cov khoom noj -qib formic acid los ntawm kev ua kom huv huv, ua rau muaj kev purity siab thiab cov dej tsawg.
Bio-Based Formic Acid
Qhov no yog ib qho eco- hom tus phooj ywg uas tsim tawm tsis ntev los no, ua los ntawm biomass fermentation lossis los ntawm carbon dioxide thiab hydrogen. Nws yog ntsuab dua li cov tshuaj synthesis. Ntau lub tuam txhab loj thoob ntiaj teb tam sim no tsim nws ntawm qhov loj, feem ntau yog rau hydrogen cia thiab thauj hauv lub zog. Nws nyob twj ywm kua ntawm qhov kub thiab txias thiab muaj kev cia siab rau kev siv.
Kev siv cov Formic Acid
Vim nws yog ob qho tib si acidic thiab txo tus neeg sawv cev, formic acid yog qhov tseem ceeb hauv ntau qhov kev lag luam:
Tawv thiab Textile Kev Lag Luam
Hauv kev ua tawv tawv, formic acid yog qhov tseem ceeb rau de-ashing thiab tanning. Ua ntej chrome tanning, ntxiv me me (kwv yees li 1-2% ntawm tawv tawv) pab kho pH, cia chromium ntsev nkag mus zoo dua. Qhov no txo qis kev siv chromium thiab ua rau tawv nqaij softer thiab fuller. Thoob plaws ntiaj teb, li ntawm 35% ntawm formic acid yog siv rau hauv tanning.
Hauv textile dyeing, nws ua raws li kev pab rau cov kua qaub dyes, txhim kho xim ceev ntawm cov ntaub plaub thiab txo cov dej khib nyiab. Hauv cov ntaub pua plag nylon luam ntawv, kho cov pH mus rau 4.5-5.0 nrog cov tshuaj formic acid muab cov qauv ntse dua thiab ntev dua - xim.
Kev Ua Liaj Ua Teb thiab Pub Kev Lag Luam
Hauv kev tsim khoom noj, ntxiv formic acid (kwv yees li 0.8-1.2%) rau silage sai txo pH, txwv tsis pub cov kab mob thiab cov poov xab los ntawm kev loj hlob, txo cov zaub mov poob, thiab tuaj yeem pab txiav methane emissions ntawm nyuj. Cov kev tshawb fawb pom tau hais tias ntxiv calcium formate (calcium ntsev ntawm formic acid) rau piglet pub txhim kho kev loj hlob thiab txo cov kab mob raws plab.
Hauv beekeeping, formic acid yog ib qho kev kho mob zoo tiv thaiv Varroa mites. Kev siv cov tshuaj 65% rau hauv beehives tuaj yeem tua ntau dua 95% ntawm cov mites hauv 24 teev, nrog me ntsis kev puas tsuaj rau muv larvae. Txoj kev no yog tam sim no siv los ntawm feem ntau beekeepers thoob ntiaj teb.
Chemical and New Energy Sectors
Formic acid yog cov khoom siv tseem ceeb hauv kev tsim tshuaj. Hauv Suav teb, tshaj li ib nrab ntawm nws yog siv los ua tshuaj, xws li caffeine thiab vitamin B1. Nws kuj tseem ceeb hauv kev tsim cov tshuaj tua kab.
Hauv kev siv hluav taws xob tshiab, formic acid tau pom tias yog "kua hydrogen carrier." Hydrogen thiab carbon dioxide tuaj yeem ua ke rau hauv formic acid rau kev khaws cia thiab thauj, thiab tom qab ntawd tawg mus tso cov hydrogen rau roj hlwb. Qee lub tebchaws twb muaj formic acid hydrogen refueling stations, nrog rau lub sij hawm refueling zoo ib yam li cov tsoos chaw nres tsheb roj.
Yuav Siv Formic Acid li cas
Cov Txheej Txheem Kev Ua Haujlwm thiab Kev Tswj Xyuas Tshuaj
Thaum siv formic acid, concentration thiab npaum li cas yuav tsum tau tswj raws li daim ntawv thov. Nyob rau hauv tawv de-ashing, siab-concentration formic acid feem ntau yog diluted mus rau 10-15% thiab tshuaj tsuag tusyees thaum nplawm cov tawv kom tsis txhob nyob hauv zos tshaj -acidification uas tuaj yeem ua tawv tawv. Hauv textile dyeing, nws yog ntxiv nyob rau hauv ob peb kauj ruam tom qab lub dye da dej mus txog 60 degree, nrog li 15 feeb ntawm kev ntxiv. Kev siv tag nrho yog feem ntau 1-3% ntawm cov ntaub hnyav.
Nyob rau hauv tshuaj synthesis, formic acid feem ntau yog siv los ua ib tug txo tus neeg sawv cev los yog hnyav. Piv txwv li, ua kom chromium formate, 20% formic acid tov yog maj mam ntxiv rau cov tshuaj chromic acid thaum ua kom kub qis dua 50 degree. Tom qab ntxiv, nplawm txuas ntxiv rau li 2 teev kom tau txais siab -purity chromium formate crystals.
Kev ntsuas kev nyab xeeb
Formic acid yog heev corrosive thiab irritating. Kev sib cuag ntawm daim tawv nqaij tuaj yeem ua rau muaj tshuaj lom neeg kub hnyiab, thiab nws cov vapor tuaj yeem ua rau lub qhov muag thiab ua pa. Ib txwm hnav cov kua qaub- cov hnab looj tes tiv thaiv (nitrile raug pom zoo), tsom iav qhov muag, thiab lub tshuab ua pa. Cov chaw ua haujlwm yuav tsum tau ua kom zoo- tso pa kom tsis txhob muaj vapor ntau.
Khaws cov formic acid hauv cov thawv yas lossis fiberglass. Khaws nws kom deb ntawm oxidizers (potassium nitrate) thiab cov hauv paus muaj zog (sodium hydroxide). Cov chaw khaws cia yuav tsum muaj qhov cua thiab cov khoom siv hluav taws xob hluav taws xob. Rau cov nchuav me me, npog nrog cov xuab zeb los yog cov khoom siv absorbent thiab neutralize nrog dej qab zib tshauv. Cov nchuav loj yuav tsum tau ua haujlwm huv.
Teb ceev xwm ceev
- Kev sib cuag ntawm daim tawv nqaij: Tshem cov khaub ncaws tsis huv tam sim ntawd thiab yaug nrog dej kom ntau li 15 feeb. Yog hlwv los yog mob tshwm sim, siv baking soda ointment thiab nrhiav kev pab kho mob.
- Kev sib chwv qhov muag: tuav daim tawv muag qhib thiab yaug nrog ntsev lossis dej huv rau 10 feeb. Tom qab ntawd siv cov tshuaj vitamin C qhov muag.
- Inhalation: Txav mus rau huab cua ntshiab tam sim ntawd. Khaws cov pa kom huv si thiab muab cov pa oxygen yog tias xav tau. Nrhiav kev kho mob yog tias hnoos lossis mob hauv siab.
- Noj: Haus 100-200 mL mis nyuj los yog qe dawb. Tsis txhob ua rau ntuav. Mus rau tom tsev kho mob sai li sai tau.
Kev yuav cov lus qhia thiab xaiv tus neeg muab khoom
Cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb rau cov neeg yuav khoom
Thaum xaiv tus neeg muag khoom formic acid, tsom rau cov khoom purity (xyuas impurities thiab dej cov ntsiab lus rau qib industrial, hnyav hlau rau qib zaub mov), cov txheej txheem ntau lawm, cov saw saw kev ntseeg siab, thiab kev txhawb nqa. Xav txog kev kos npe ntev - daim ntawv cog lus ntev thiab thov cov ntawv xeem thib peb - tog kom paub tseeb tias qhov zoo.
Vim Li Cas Xaiv Sinoright
Sinoright yog tus kws tshaj lij ntawm cov khoom siv tshuaj lom neeg, muab ntau yam ntawm formic acid khoom. Nyob rau hauv Dalian, peb (Sinoright) teb sai sai rau lub ntiaj teb no cov kev xav tau ntawm formic acid. Peb cov qib kev lag luam formic acid yog tsim los ntawm cov ntaub ntawv zoo, muaj kev ruaj khov purity, muaj ntawv pov thawj, thiab tuaj nyob rau hauv ntau yam kev xaiv ntim.
Rau cov neeg siv khoom noj khoom haus ntxiv, Sinoright muab cov zaub mov qib formic acid uas ua tau raws li cov qauv thoob ntiaj teb, nrog cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov hlau hnyav heev. Ntau qhov ntim thiab kev them nyiaj (T / T, L / C, D / P, D / A, O / A, Ali Them) muaj. Lub tuam txhab tseem muaj cov kev daws teeb meem thiab tau muab ntau lub lag luam loj tuaj yeem ntseeg tau.